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The Enlightenment
Season 2
The Enlightenment The eighteenth century marked the beginning of a new spirit of intellectual exchange in Europe known as the Enlightenment. Inspired…
1 year, 8 months ago
Capitalism and the First Industrial Revolution
Season 2
Mechanization and industrialization, motivated and enabled by capitalism, created tremendous wealth for eighteenth- and nineteenth-century business o…
1 year, 8 months ago
The Rise of a Global Economy
Season 2
The Seven Years’ War (1754–1763) established a new balance of power in Europe in which Britain emerged as the dominant empire. The French surrendered…
1 year, 8 months ago
European Colonization in the Americas
Season 2
European settlers in North America were a diverse group with a wide array of motives. Many Spaniards came as part of a broader search for “God, Gold,…
1 year, 8 months ago
Colonial Empires
Season 2
In the second half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth, the world’s industrialized nations claimed colonies in Africa, Asia,…
1 year, 8 months ago
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Season 2
To extract wealth from their colonies, over the course of the late fifteenth through the early nineteenth centuries, European nations shipped approxi…
1 year, 8 months ago
The Mercantilist Economy
Season 2
According to mercantilist theory, to achieve power, nations must maximize their store of precious metals by importing as few goods as possible while …
1 year, 8 months ago
Crossing the Atlantic
Season 2
With the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453, Europeans found themselves forced to deal with Muslim middlemen to access the prized goods o…
1 year, 8 months ago
The Protestant Reformation
Season 2
In the sixteenth century, many European Christians were critical of practices within the Catholic Church. Some scholars in northern Europe had turned…
1 year, 8 months ago
The Safavid Empire
Season 2
The establishment of the Safavid state under Shah Ismail I in 1501 was followed by rapid territorial expansion, but conflict between factions of the …
1 year, 9 months ago