Episode Details

Episode 91: Nutrition Introduction. 

Sapna Patel and Danish Khalid present the basics of macronutrients and the definition of basic energy expenditure (BEE), they explain basic concepts on macronutrients. 

Introduction: Unable to control the epidemic of obesity 
By Hector Arreaza, MD.  

Today is April 27, 2022. In this episode, we will cover the very basics of classic nutrition. As we know, obesity is reaching epidemic proportions in the United States. Regardless of all the advances in science, we have not been able to control one of the most detrimental diseases in our communities. 

Obesity is among the most difficult to treat chronic diseases. There are countless recommendations about what to eat and not to eat, best workouts, miraculous shakes, magical weight-loss supplements, innovative devices, promising programs, novel medications, and the latest surgeries, however, we still have millions of patients who are suffering every day the consequences of undiagnosed and untreated obesity. We are hoping this is the first of multiple episodes addressing the problem of obesity, we hope you enjoy it.  

This is Rio Bravo qWeek Podcast, your weekly dose of knowledge brought to you by the Rio Bravo Family Medicine Residency Program from Bakersfield, California. Our program is affiliated with UCLA, and it’s sponsored by Clinica Sierra Vista, Let Us Be Your Healthcare Home. This podcast was created for educational purposes only. Visit your primary care provider for additional medical advice.

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Nutrition Introduction. 
By Sapna Patel, MS4, and Danish Ross University School of Medicine. Comments by Hector Arreaza, MD. 

Obesity is a disease when the patient has excessive body fat resulting in “sick fat disease” with metabolic consequences or “fat mass disease.” Excessive body fat is caused by genetic or developmental errors, infections, hypothalamic injury, adverse reactions to medications, nutritional /energy imbalance, and/or adverse environmental factors. Let us talk about one of the pillars of the treatment of obesity.

S: Hi, my name is Sapna Patel. I am a 4th-year medical student. I am passionate about fitness and cooking. I have been active all my life doing soccer, taekwondo, kickboxing, and weightlifting. I am joined here today with Danish. 

D: Hi, my name is Danish. I am also a fourth-year medical student. I have a background in mixed martial arts, boxing, and karate. And just like Sapna, I too am passionate about fitness, and nutrition. 

S: Today we are here to talk about nutrition. One of the most neglected subjects in medicine, yet the most important subjects. As we speak, we are sitting in Kern County, which has the highest obesity rate in the whole state of California with more than 60% of the population considered overweight. Poor nutrition is the leading cause of people being overweight and obese, and in turn, obesity leads to various other medical conditions. 

It is important to educate ourselves on nutrition, not only as medical professionals but as someone who lives in the most obese country. And it is as simple as knowing how to balance calories and macronutrients. 

D: To maintain a healthy weight and lifestyle over time, it is important that we maintain caloric balance. Oftentimes we tend to overeat, tipping us into a caloric surplus. This leads us to being overweight and obese which are the most important factors associated with poor health outcomes. It is associated with premature mortality as well as increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and other important conditions. Calculating total energy expenditure for recommended daily caloric intake is based on age, sex, weight, and activity level.

Basal Energy Expenditure (BEE) (male/female): 66.5 + (13.5/9.5 x weight (kg)) + (5/2 x height (cm)) - (7/5 x age).