Episode Details

The Mobile Army Surgical Hospital is best known from the television sitcom, but the real units were large, fast moving medical operations. This episode starts with the problem they solved: in World War II, wounded soldiers were stabilized and then driven for hours to hospitals far in the rear, missing the golden hour, the first 60 minutes after trauma when surgery is most likely to save a life. Building on World War I French mobile units and early mobile trials by an American dental medic in the Third Army, the Army sent auxiliary surgical groups to Italy in 1943, and by 1946 the MASH concept was formalized.

In Korea's mountains, 60 bed MASH units could pack up, move, and be working again within 24 hours, and Bell H-13 helicopters flew patients straight to them. A soldier who arrived alive had a better than 97 percent chance of survival, and mortality after evacuation fell from 4 percent in World War II to 2.5 percent. Only one MASH served in Vietnam, for under a year. The last, the 212th, treated more than 30,000 civilians after the 2005 Kashmir earthquake.

• The color tags: green for walking wounded, yellow for delayed care, red for immediate surgery, black for the dead or unsalvageable
• The guiding rule that life takes precedence over limb, and function over anatomical defects
• A real unit with 10 medical officers, 12 nurses, and 89 enlisted staff handling up to 600 casualties in 24 hours, versus the fictional 4077th
• MUST units with inflatable modules and filtered, positive pressure rooms for burn patients
• Deactivation on February 16, 2006, and $4.5 million in equipment donated to the Pakistani military