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Anthropologists in the late 19th and early 20th centuries hypothesized that animism was the earliest religion. But later scholars have called this theory into question. What is animism? And how should we categorize it?

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Bibliography:

Source for the infographic: https://ultraculture.org/blog/2015/11/30/map-world-religions/

Bill Sillar. "The Social Agency of Things? Animism and Materiality in the Andes"

Bruno Latour, “An Attepmt at a ‘Compositionist Manifesto,” http://www.bruno-latour.fr/sites/default/files/120-NLH-finalpdf.pdf

Charles Darwin to E.B. Tylor, September 24, 1871.

E.B. Tylor, “Primitive Culture,” 1871

Harvey, Graham. 2005. Animism: Respecting the Living World (London: Hurst and co.; New York: Columbia University Press; Adelaide: Wakefield Press)

Liam Sutherland, “An Evaluation of Harvey’s Approach to Animism and the Tylorian Legacy,” https://www.religiousstudiesproject.com/2012/02/17/liam-sutherland-an-evaluation-of-harvey%e2%80%99s-approach-to-animism-and-the-tylorian-legacy/

Russell McCutcheon, “Studying Religion: An Introduction."

Stewart Guthrie, “On Animism,” Current Anthropology, 41, no. 1 (February 2000), 1016-107, https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/300107?mobileUi=0&journalCode=ca

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