Episode Details

LDL cholesterol level: the difference between LDL and LDL cholesterol level; Is LDL-cholesterol truly 'bad' cholesterol? Is HDL-cholesterol protective? An in depth look at LDL cholesterol level and its physiological significance.

LDL cholesterol level under 100mg/dL. LDL vs LDL-cholesterol, cholesterol is NOT the problem, HDL is NOT good cholesterol and LDL is not ‘bad’. lipoproteins carry fat. lipoproteins: low density lipoprotein or LDL vs high-density lipoprotein or HDL. lab results: LDL-cholesterol level, not LDL. lipoproteins (LDL) carry cholesterol. LDL-cholesterol is cholesterol carried in LDL lipoproteins. LDL lipoproteins = cars. LDL-cholesterol = passengers

HDL-cholesterol = cholesterol traveling in HDL lipoproteins. add all cholesterol = Total cholesterol (lab results)

Triglycerides in lipoproteins. LDL vs LDL-cholesterol level. good cholesterol and bad cholesterol? is LDL-cholesterol ‘bad’? animals with high LDL-cholesterol level, people with high LDL-cholesterol level = heart disease. people with low LDL-cholesterol level are health freaks?

RCTs on LDL-cholesterol level: group with LDL-cholesterol level lowered has less heart disease. high LDL-cholesterol level is a problem. strong case that high LDL-cholesterol level is an issue

we have different levels of LDL-cholesterol. low ldl-cholesterol level from birth = less heart disease. ldl-cholesterol level not 100% in genes

high LDL-cholesterol level spells trouble. "no longer an ‘LDL-Cholesterol hypothesis’. increased LDL-Cholesterol level causal; lowering LDL particles reduces events". “cholesterol-containing lipoproteins, particularly LDL cause CHD”

does high LDL-cholesterol level cause heart disease? main problem are lipoproteins, not LDL-cholesterol. “number of lipoprotein particles rather than cholesterol or triglycerides”
Heart disease caused by lipoproteins stuck in artery wall. lab results: LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides. apoB (carried by LDL) tells us number of lipoproteins

LDL-P (particles) = count of LDL lipoproteins. LDL lipoproteins = cause of heart disease. lab results: cholesterol... Is LDL-cholesterol level useless? for most people, more lipoproteins = more cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol level = ok estimation

non-HDL cholesterol (Total cholesterol - HDL-cholesterol) = cholesterol not carried by HDL lipoproteins. if LDL-cholesterol level is good, chances are LDL particles are ok. lipoproteins carry cholesterol. too many lipoproteins cause heart disease, esp. LDL. LDL-Cholesterol gives idea of LDL lipoproteins
is HDL good? high HDL-cholesterol = less heart disease. hence good cholesterol. BUT raising HDL-cholesterol or genetically high HDL-cholesterol isn't better
“simplistic hypothesis for HDL-cholesterol: increasing levels reduces CV events". HDL not useless. HDL lipoproteins pull cholesterol from plaque. raising HDL-Cholesterol? people ask "how do I get my HDL higher" (they mean hdl-cholesterol, on lab results)
very high HDL-cholesterol level associated with higher risk? high LDL-Cholesterol + HDL-Cholesterol? is HDL-Cholesterol “bad”? good vs bad cholesterol doesn’t match evidence. LDL isn’t “bad”. We all have LDL and LDL-cholesterol. LDL-cholesterol like other parameters

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References:
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.ATV.20.4.1068
https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/38/32/2459/3745109
https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/advance-article/doi/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz962/5735221<