Episode Details

Booster doses probably needed by most people, unfortunately. https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#covidnet-hospitalizations-vaccination US, 20.6 million so far https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/booster-shot.html Six months after 2nd shot 65 years and older 50–64 years with underlying medical conditions 18 – 64 years, working / living in high-risk settings 18 years and older, 2 months Johnson & Johnson/Janssen Protection of BNT162b2 Vaccine Booster against Covid-19 in Israel (NEJM, October 2021) https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.21262679v1 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255? July 30, 2021, over 602 Third (booster) dose of the Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine was approved 60 years or older who had been fully vaccinated August 29th, anyone over 12 At least five months previously N = 1,144,690 2 dynamic cohorts 2 vaccines only N = 5.2 million person days 4,439 confirmed infections 294 cases of severe covid (based on 4.6 million person days) 2 vaccines + booster N = 10.6 million person days 934 confirmed infections 29 cases of severe COVID-19 (based on 6.3 million person days) (despite older demographic) Twelve days or more after the booster dose Increases antibody neutralization levels ~10-fold compared to after 2nd dose 11.3 fold decrease in the relative risk of confirmed infection Efficacy among booster recipients to approximately 95% (May have waned to 50% with time and delta variant) https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.24.21262423v1 19.5 fold decrease in the relative risk of severe illness Factor reduction in reduced rate of confirmed infection in boosted versus none-boosted In conjunction with safety reports this study demonstrates the effectiveness of a third vaccine dose, in both reducing transmission and severe disease, indicates the great potential of curtailing the Delta variant resurgence by administering booster shots Decline in immunity, UK data https://www.gov.uk/government/news/over-eight-million-people-in-the-uk-receive-covid-19-booster-jabs Protection against symptomatic disease, Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine 65%, up to 3 months after the second dose 45% 6 months after the second dose Protection against symptomatic disease, Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine 90% up to 3 months after 2nd dose 65% 6 months after the second dose Protection against hospitalisation, Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine 95% at 3 months 75% at 6 months Protection against hospitalisation, Pfizer/BioNTech 99% at 3 months 90% at 6 months Why this is important A small change can generate a major shift in hospital admissions A change from 95% to 90% against hospitalisation would lead to doubling of admissions in those vaccinated Early UK booster results from Pfizer Booster restores protection back up to 95.6% against symptomatic infection Booster doses, Situation in UK https://www.gov.uk/government/news/over-eight-million-people-in-the-uk-receive-covid-19-booster-jabs 8,115,229 boosted so far https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/coronavirus-vaccination/coronavirus-booster-vaccine/ Booster vaccine doses, available on the NHS People most at risk from COVID-19, who have had a 2nd dose of a vaccine at least 6 months ago (after 5 months for high risk groups) This includes: Aged 50 and over Frontline health / care workers 16 and over with a health condition 16 and over, carers or live with venerable people Pregnant women in eligible groups COVID-19 booster vaccine and flu vaccine If you are offered both vaccines, it's safe to have them at the same time.

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