Episode Details

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Professor Aephraim Steinberg, winner of Physics World's Breakthrough of the Year in 2011, is an experimentalist who thinks deeply about foundations. For 30 years he's measured aspects of physics others wouldn't touch: Bohmian trajectories, Heisenberg's disturbance bound (he showed it was wrong), even where the photon is inside the double slit. His lab measured negative time, and it keeps reappearing across different experiments.

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TIMESTAMPS:
- 00:00:00 - Defining Negative Time
- 00:06:50 - Quantum Trajectory Theory
- 00:12:44 - The Holland Tunnel Analogy
- 00:18:40 - Resonant Atomic Interactions
- 00:26:05 - Superluminal Energy Propagation
- 00:32:00 - Eight Velocities of Light
- 00:38:00 - Causality and Retrocausality
- 00:44:00 - Dwell Time vs. Delay
- 00:50:24 - Time: Operator or Parameter?
- 00:58:21 - Bell's Theorem and Realism
- 01:04:55 - Heisenberg's Measurement Disturbance
- 01:11:26 - Weak Measurement Formalism
- 01:17:37 - Time Symmetry and Entropy
- 01:27:07 - Bohmian Trajectories Observed
- 01:35:56 - Spin-Statistics and Indistinguishability
- 01:42:14 - Quantum Computational Advantage
- 01:48:15 - Many Worlds vs. Complexity
- 01:54:51 - Psi-Ontic vs. Psi-Epistemic
- 02:01:37 - Collapsing Tunneling Particles
- 02:08:48 - Larmor vs. Atto Clocks
- 02:15:24 - Locality and Information

LINKS:
- Website: https://www.physics.utoronto.ca/~aephraim/
- Papers: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PzUyb6IAAAAJ
- Photon Negative Time: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.03680
- Photon Time as Excitation: https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.00432
- Atoms in Excited State: https://journals.aps.org/prxquantum/abstract/10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.010314
- Tunneling Atom in Barrier: https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.13523
- Single-Photon Tunneling: https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.708
- Traversal Time: https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.1739
- Gaussian Pulse Propagation: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.1.305
- Pulse in Absorbing Medium: https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.48.738
- Eighth Velocity of Light: https://pubs.aip.org/aapt/ajp/article-abstract/45/6/538/1045817/Eighth-velocity-of-light
- Attosecond Ionization: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1163439
- Tunneling Pulses, Band Gaps: https://attoworld.de/fileadmin/user_upload/tx_attoworld/publications/paper_PhysRevLett_Y1994_M10_D24_V73_P2308.pdf
- Evidence of Negative Time: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/evidence-of-negative-time-found-in-quantum-physics-experiment/
- Light Speed Reduction: https://www.nature.com/articles/17561
- Theory of Light and Colors: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/107113.pdf
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