Episode Details

In this episode, we explore the life and legacy of Baruch Spinoza, a pivotal 17th-century thinker who was permanently expelled from the Amsterdam Jewish community in 1656 for his "abominable heresies" and "monstrous deeds",. We discuss how Spinoza, who supported himself by grinding lenses, challenged religious orthodoxy by questioning the divine origin of the Hebrew Bible and arguing that ecclesiastical authority should have no role in a democratic state,. The episode dives into his complex metaphysical masterpiece, Ethics, in which he famously equated God with Nature (Deus sive Natura) and argued that free will is an illusion in a deterministic universe,,. Finally, we examine how this "Prince of Philosophers" influenced the Enlightenment and shaped the worldview of modern thinkers, including Albert Einstein,, .