Episode Details

This talk will look at corporate editing in OSM at three scales - global, national and local. Our results show that corporate editing increased from 2016 to 2021, but has decreased since then. Nevertheless, in recent years there has been a diversification of corporations, with an increase in edits from Digital Egypt or Grab and other smaller corporations. Corporate mapping tends to focus more on high and medium HDI regions, but our results also suggest that there is only a small influence of corporate mapping dynamics on other parts of the OSM mapping community in a country. Introduction: In recent years, with the emergence of corporate editing in OpenStreetMap (OSM), there has been interest, and in some cases concern, about its influence in OSM. For instance, large corporations like such as Apple, Microsoft, Meta and Amazon have hired large teams to edit in OSM ​[1]. The launch of the Overture Maps Foundation, by Amazon, Meta, Microsoft and TomTom hosted by the Linux Foundation in 2022 and the release of its first dataset [2] has also led to heated debates on the OSM forum, regarding the future of OSM. Concerns have been raised about the monopolisation of geodata, the replacement of OSM by other sites or the backlining of OSM [3]. Consequently, analysing and continuously monitoring the impact of corporate contributors and continuing to observe their fluctuating patterns of editing will be significant to the understanding of the sustainability of OSM. Therefore, this talk will look at corporate editing in OSM at three scales - global, national and local to answer the two research questions: (RQ1) What is the impact of corporate mapping on global scale mapping? (RQ2) What is the impact of corporate mapping on country and small-scale mapping? Methodology: There are two main avenues to track corporate contributors: Either through corporate affiliated OSM User IDs (UIDs) or through corporate hashtags in OSM changesets. UIDs of corporation affiliated mappers have been used in the past to track corporate activity in OSM (e.g. [1, 4, 5]). A list of affiliated usernames can be collected from disclosed lists on the OSM Wiki or corporations GitHub pages [6]. The second way to track corporate edits is through corporate hashtags in changesets. Since 2009, it became possible to add hashtags to changesets in OSM, and this has become common practice, especially to show affiliation to regions, events, organisations or corporations [7]. For the analysis presented here, in total 24 companies were tracked including Apple, Kaart, Amazon, Microsoft, TomTom, Grab, DigitalEgypt, Mapbox and Meta. We used tracking with hashtags was used as proposed by [7]. The dataset used for the analysis integrated data from two sources: The OpenStreetMap History Database [8] and the OSM Changeset database. The OSHDB was used to derive OSM geometries and attribute information as well as information about the editors. The data was then intersected with a dataset of country boundaries to assign a mapping to a specific country. The OSM changeset dataset was joined to this contribution dataset. The dataset included a plethora of information, but the most relevant columns for the analysis were the OSM ID, Changeset timestamp, hashtags and User IDs, country, year and month as well as the geometry information – including the centroids. (We aim at presenting this dataset in detail in another workshop at SOTM 2024.) At the global level, two analyses were carried out. First, the temporal development of corporate and total edits from 2016-01-01 – 2023-12-31, including a breakdown by individual corporation. Second, the absolute number of corporate edits per country and the percentage of corporate edits based on total edits per country for the period 2019-06-01 to 2023-05-31 were analyzed. For an additional overview, the country-level results were grouped by Human Development Index (HDI) class, for a more in depth understanding of the spatial distribution of corporate edits in